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01 / 21 discoveries
Microscopic
10 µm cell10 µmA cell is the basic structural unit of living organisms.
2 µm bacterium2 µmA bacterium is a single-celled microorganism without a membrane-bound nucleus.
Grain of sand500 µmA grain of sand is a tiny fragment of rock or mineral, commonly found on beaches and in soil.
Atomic nucleus10 fmAn atomic nucleus is the compact central part of an atom, made from protons and neutrons.
Hydrogen atom105.8 pmA hydrogen atom is the simplest neutral atom, with one proton in its nucleus and one electron around it.
Water molecule280 pmA water molecule is a group of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.
Glucose molecule1 nmA glucose molecule is a simple sugar used by living cells as a source of chemical energy.
DNA double helix2 nmDNA is the molecule that stores hereditary information in living organisms.
Ribosome25 nmA ribosome is a molecular machine that builds proteins by reading instructions carried by messenger RNA.
Virus100 nmA virus is an infectious particle containing genetic material inside a protein coat, sometimes with an outer envelope.
Red blood cell7.5 µmA red blood cell is a specialised blood cell that transports oxygen using haemoglobin.
Yeast cell5 µmYeast is a group of single-celled fungi.
Pollen grain30 µmA pollen grain carries the male reproductive cells of a seed-producing plant.
Dust particle10 µmDust is a mixture of tiny solid particles from sources such as soil, fibres, skin and pollen.
Salt crystal300 µmA salt crystal is a small, naturally occurring or manufactured piece of sodium chloride used in food and industry.
Platelet3 µmA platelet is a small blood-cell fragment that helps form clots and stop bleeding after a blood vessel is damaged.
Bacteriophage T4200 nmBacteriophage T4 is a virus that infects bacteria.
Influenza virion100 nmAn influenza virion is a single infectious particle of the influenza virus, consisting of genetic material inside a lipid envelope.
Amoeba cell300 µmAn amoeba cell is a single-celled organism that moves and engulfs food by extending temporary projections called pseudopodia.
IgG antibody molecule14.5 nmAn IgG antibody molecule is a Y-shaped protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralise foreign substances.
Neuron cell body20 µmA neuron cell body, or soma, is the central part of a nerve cell containing its nucleus.02 / 26 discoveries
People
70 µm hair70 µmA hair is a slender strand of protein that grows from the skin of humans and other mammals.
Fingernail1.5 cmA fingernail is the hard, protective covering at the tip of a human finger, composed of keratin.
Index finger8 cmThe index finger is the second finger of the human hand, located between the thumb and the middle finger.
Hand span20 cmHand span is the distance measured from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger when the hand is fully extended.Human1.75 mA human is a primate of the species Homo sapiens, distinguished by habitual upright walking, language and complex tool use.
Child1.2 mA child is a young human who is still developing physically and socially towards adulthood.
Newborn baby50 cmA newborn baby is a human infant in the earliest period immediately after birth.
Walking step75 cmA walking step is the distance covered by a person in a single step during normal walking.
One-hour walk5 kmA one-hour walk is the distance a person travels by walking continuously at a steady pace for one hour.One-hour cycle20 kmA one-hour cycle is the distance covered by cycling at a constant speed for one hour without stopping.
Human heart12 cmA human heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system.
Human brain15 cmThe human brain is the organ that processes sensory information and coordinates thought, memory, movement and many body functions.
Human liver28 cmThe human liver is a vital organ in the abdomen that processes nutrients, detoxifies chemicals, and produces bile for digestion.
Human femur45 cmThe human femur is the thigh bone, connecting the hip to the knee and supporting body weight during movement.
Human eyeball2.4 cmThe human eyeball is the globe-shaped organ that receives light and begins the process of vision.
Adult winter clothing ensemble6 kgAn adult winter clothing ensemble consists of layered garments such as a coat, insulated trousers, boots, gloves and a hat for protection against cold weather.
Adult carrying a backpack1.75 mAn adult carrying a backpack is a standing person transporting a load on their back using a strapped bag.
Adult in firefighting gear1.78 mAn adult in firefighting gear is a person wearing protective clothing and breathing apparatus for structural firefighting.
Adult in diving gear1.78 mAn adult in diving gear is a person equipped with scuba apparatus for breathing and moving underwater.
Adult in a spacesuit1.9 mAn adult in a spacesuit is a person wearing a pressurised suit and life-support system for survival outside Earth's atmosphere.
Sperm cell50 µmA sperm cell is a male reproductive cell with a compact head, energy-producing midpiece and a flagellum used for movement.
Red-cell circulation time1 minRed-cell circulation time is the typical duration for a red blood cell to complete a full circuit through the human circulatory system at rest.Red-cell lifespan120 daysRed-cell lifespan is the average time a human red blood cell remains in circulation before being removed from the bloodstream.
Human arm75 cmThe human arm is the upper limb of the body, extending from the shoulder to the hand and enabling a wide range of movement and manipulation.
Human leg1 mThe human leg is the lower limb extending from the hip to the heel, enabling standing and movement.
Human torso60 cmThe human torso is the central part of the body between the shoulders and hips, containing most major internal organs.03 / 92 discoveries
Everyday things
Sheet of paper100 µmA sheet of paper is a flat material made from cellulose pulp, used for writing, printing or packaging.
Grain of rice7 mmA grain of rice is the edible seed of the rice plant, widely consumed as a staple food.
A0 paper1.189 mA0 paper is the largest paper format in the ISO 216 A-series, from which the later A-series formats are produced by repeated halving.
A1 paper84.1 cmA1 paper is an ISO 216 paper format produced by halving an A0 sheet across its longer side.
A2 paper59.4 cmA2 paper is an ISO 216 paper format produced by halving an A1 sheet across its longer side.
A3 paper42 cmA3 paper is an ISO 216 paper format commonly used for drawings, diagrams and small posters.A4 paper29.7 cmA4 paper is an ISO 216 paper format commonly used internationally for letters, forms and printed documents.
A5 paper21 cmA5 paper is an ISO 216 paper format commonly used for notebooks, leaflets and small documents.
A6 paper14.8 cmA6 paper is an ISO 216 paper format commonly used for postcards, small flyers and pocket stationery.
A7 paper10.5 cmA7 paper is a compact ISO 216 paper format used for small notes, cards and labels.
£1 coin2.343 cmA £1 coin is a twelve-sided British coin used as standard currency in the United Kingdom.
US penny1.905 cmA US penny is a copper-plated coin worth one cent in United States currency.
US nickel2.121 cmA US nickel is a five-cent coin made primarily of a copper-nickel alloy.
US dime1.791 cmA US dime is a ten-cent coin, the smallest denomination in US currency above the penny and nickel.US quarter2.426 cmA US quarter is a coin worth twenty-five cents, commonly used in United States currency.
10 cm tile10 cmA small tile is a square piece, often ceramic or stone, used to cover floors or walls.30 cm floor tile30 cmA floor tile is a flat, durable piece of material used to cover and finish floors in buildings.60 cm floor tile60 cmA large tile is a square flooring piece, often ceramic or stone, used for covering expansive areas.
Desk1.2 mA desk is a table designed as a work surface for writing, reading or using equipment such as a computer.
Dining table1.8 mA dining table is a piece of furniture designed for people to sit around and eat meals.
Single bed1.9 mA single bed is a narrow bed intended for use by one person.
Double bed1.9 mA double bed is a wider bed designed to accommodate two people.
King-size bed2 mA king bed is a wide bed intended for two sleepers, with standard proportions that vary between national bedding systems.
Three-seat sofa2.1 mA three-seat sofa is an upholstered seating unit designed to comfortably seat three people.
Living-room rug3 mA living-room rug is a large textile floor covering used to add comfort and style to a room.
Yoga mat1.8 mA yoga mat is a cushioned mat used to provide grip and comfort during yoga or exercise routines.
Door leaf1.981 mA door leaf is the main flat panel of a door that swings or slides to open and close an entryway.
Square shower tray90 cmA square shower tray is a flat, waterproof base installed in a shower to collect and drain water.
Parking space4.8 mA parking space is an allocated spot intended for temporarily leaving a car or other vehicle, commonly found in public or private parking areas.
Single garage6 mA single garage is an enclosed structure designed to house one vehicle and provide storage.
3 × 4 m bedroom4 mA bedroom is a private room in a home intended for sleeping and personal use.
5 × 5 m studio5 mA studio is a single-room living space that combines sleeping, living, and sometimes kitchen areas.
100 m² home10 mA home is a dwelling where people live, providing shelter and a place for daily activities.
10 × 20 m garden20 mA garden is an outdoor space where people cultivate plants, flowers or vegetables for pleasure, relaxation or food.
250 m² allotment25 mAn allotment is a plot of land rented for growing fruit, vegetables, or flowers, often in a shared site.
Pencil19 cmA pencil is a writing or drawing instrument with a graphite or coloured core encased in wood or another material.
Paperclip3.3 cmA paperclip is a small bent wire device used to hold sheets of paper together.
Smartphone15 cmA smartphone is a portable electronic device that combines mobile phone functions with internet access and apps.
Laptop32 cmA laptop is a portable computer with an integrated screen and keyboard, suitable for use in various locations.
Paperback book20 cmA paperback book is a collection of printed pages bound with a flexible paper cover for reading.
Washing machine85 cmA washing machine is a household appliance that automatically washes clothes using water and detergent.
Fridge freezer1.8 mA fridge freezer is an appliance that keeps food cold and includes a compartment for freezing items.
Sugar cube4 gA sugar cube is a small block of compressed sugar used to sweeten drinks.
Tea bag2 gA tea bag is a porous sachet containing tea leaves for brewing tea in hot water.
1 kg bag of flour1 kgFlour is a fine powder made by grinding grains, commonly used in baking and cooking.
5 kg bag of rice5 kgA bag of rice contains uncooked rice grains, a staple food in many cuisines.
23 kg packed suitcase23 kgA packed suitcase is a portable container used for carrying clothes and personal belongings during travel.
20 × 30 mm stamp6 cm²A postage stamp is a small adhesive label placed on mail to show payment for postal services.
10 mm round button1 cmA round button is a small disc-shaped fastener sewn onto clothing to join fabric.
Living room5 mA living room is a main space in a home where people gather for relaxation or social activities.
Bottle cap2.8 cmA bottle cap is a small closure used to seal the opening of a bottle and keep its contents secure.
Payment card8.56 cmA payment card is a plastic card used to make electronic payments, such as credit or debit transactions.
Door key5.5 cmA door key is a small metal tool designed to operate the lock mechanism of a door.
Dining chair90 cmA dining chair is a piece of furniture designed for sitting at a table while eating meals.
Ocarina15 cmAn ocarina is a wind instrument, usually made of ceramic, played by blowing into it and covering finger holes to produce musical notes.
Watermelon5 kgA watermelon is a sweet, juicy fruit with a green rind and red or yellow flesh, commonly eaten fresh or used in drinks.
Coffee bean120 mgA coffee bean is the roasted seed of the Coffea plant, used to make coffee after grinding.
Grand piano2.3 mA grand piano is a large, horizontal stringed instrument played with a keyboard, commonly used for classical and concert music.
Avocado200 gAn avocado is a pear-shaped fruit with creamy green flesh and a large central seed, commonly eaten raw or used in dishes like guacamole.
Classical guitar1 mA classical guitar is a six-stringed musical instrument with nylon strings, commonly used for classical and flamenco music.
Blueberry1.6 cmA blueberry is an edible berry produced by shrubs of the genus Vaccinium, commonly used in food and drink.
Cherry2.5 cmA cherry is a sweet or tart fruit produced by trees of the genus Prunus, often eaten fresh or used in desserts.
Pipe organ console2 mA pipe organ console is the cabinet containing the keyboards, pedals and controls used to operate a pipe organ.
Ball gown1.5 mA ball gown is a formal evening dress with a fitted bodice and a full skirt, traditionally worn at balls and other ceremonial occasions.
Chia seed2 mmA chia seed is the edible seed of the Salvia hispanica plant, often used in foods such as puddings and cereals.
Quinoa seed2 mmA quinoa seed is the edible seed of the Chenopodium quinoa plant, commonly used as a grain substitute in cooking.
Lentil5 mmA lentil is the edible, lens-shaped seed of the Lens culinaris plant, widely used in soups and stews.
Chickpea9 mmA chickpea is an edible seed from the Cicer arietinum plant, commonly used in cooking and also called a garbanzo bean.
Cacao bean2.4 cmA cacao bean is the dried seed of the Theobroma cacao tree, used to produce cocoa and chocolate.
Raspberry2 cmA raspberry is an edible fruit from the Rubus genus, composed of many small drupelets and commonly red in colour.
Strawberry4 cmA strawberry is a sweet, red fruit produced by plants of the genus Fragaria, commonly eaten fresh or used in desserts.
Plum5 cmA plum is a sweet, edible fruit produced by trees of the genus Prunus, containing a single hard stone.
Peach7 cmA peach is a juicy fruit with fuzzy skin and a central stone, grown on the tree Prunus persica.
Pear11 cmA pear is a sweet, edible fruit produced by trees of the genus Pyrus, commonly eaten fresh or used in cooking and baking.
Mango14 cmA mango is the edible, fleshy fruit of the tropical tree Mangifera indica, widely cultivated for its sweet flavour.
Pomegranate10 cmA pomegranate is a round fruit from the Punica granatum tree, containing many edible seeds surrounded by juicy pulp.
Pineapple30 cmA pineapple is a tropical fruit with a tough, spiky rind and sweet, juicy flesh, produced by the plant Ananas comosus.
Cantaloupe15 cmA cantaloupe is a round, sweet melon with a netted rind and orange flesh, commonly eaten as a fruit.
Pumpkin30 cmA pumpkin is a round, ribbed fruit with a thick rind and seeds, widely used in cooking and decoration.
Butternut squash30 cmA butternut squash is an elongated, tan-coloured fruit with sweet orange flesh, commonly used in cooking.
Cabbage head20 cmA cabbage head is the compact, leafy, edible part of a green cabbage plant, commonly used as a vegetable.
Cauliflower head18 cmA cauliflower head is the dense, edible white curd of the cauliflower plant, formed by undeveloped flower buds.
Broccoli head16 cmA broccoli head is the compact, edible crown of the broccoli plant, consisting of clustered green flower buds.
Sweet potato15 cmA sweet potato is the edible, starchy root of the plant Ipomoea batatas, widely grown for food.
Cassava root35 cmCassava root is the starchy, edible tuber of the tropical plant Manihot esculenta, commonly used as a staple food.
UK 1p coin2.03 cmA UK 1p coin is the one-penny denomination of the decimal pound sterling circulation coinage.
UK 2p coin2.591 cmA UK 2p coin is the two-pence denomination of the decimal pound sterling circulation coinage.
UK 5p coin1.8 cmA UK 5p coin is the five-pence denomination of the decimal pound sterling circulation coinage.
UK 10p coin2.45 cmA UK 10p coin is the ten-pence denomination of the decimal pound sterling circulation coinage.
UK 20p coin2.14 cmA UK 20p coin is the seven-sided twenty-pence denomination of the decimal pound sterling circulation coinage.
UK 50p coin2.73 cmA UK 50p coin is the seven-sided fifty-pence denomination of the decimal pound sterling circulation coinage.
UK £2 coin2.84 cmA UK £2 coin is the bimetallic two-pound denomination of the pound sterling circulation coinage.04 / 85 discoveries
Living things
Poppy seed1 mmA poppy seed is an edible seed produced by plants in the poppy family and commonly used in breads and other foods.
Sesame seed3 mmA sesame seed is an oil-rich edible seed produced by the sesame plant and used whole, ground or pressed for oil.
Small ant5 mmAn ant is a social insect that lives in an organised colony, usually with workers, a queen and specialised roles.
Mosquito6 mmA mosquito is a slender flying insect with long legs and a piercing mouthpart.Honeybee1.5 cmA honeybee is a social insect that lives in a colony and gathers nectar and pollen from flowers.
Almond1.2 gAn almond is the edible seed of the almond tree, commonly eaten as a nut or used in cooking.
Apple180 gAn apple is the edible fruit of an apple tree, with flesh surrounding a central core of seeds.
Banana120 gA banana is an elongated fruit that grows in clusters on a large herbaceous flowering plant.
Orange150 gAn orange is an edible citrus fruit with a tough skin and juicy, segmented flesh.
Mouse9 cmA mouse is a small rodent with a pointed snout and a long, thin tail.
Cat46 cmA cat is a small domesticated mammal with a flexible body, retractable claws and highly developed senses.
Dog80 cmA dog is a domesticated mammal with breeds that vary greatly in body shape and size.
Sheep1.2 mA sheep is a domesticated animal kept for its wool, meat, and milk.
Horse2.4 mA horse is a large domesticated mammal used for riding, work, and sport.
Cow2.5 mA cow is a domesticated animal raised for milk, meat, and leather.African elephant3.3 mAn African elephant is a large plant-eating mammal recognised by its trunk, tusks and broad ears.Blue whale25 mA blue whale is a baleen whale that feeds by filtering small animals from seawater.
Housefly7 mmA housefly is a common flying insect often found near human habitation and associated with transmitting diseases.
Ladybird6 mmA ladybird is a small beetle that feeds on aphids and is beneficial to gardens.
Earthworm12 cmAn earthworm is a segmented invertebrate that lives in soil and aids in decomposing organic material.
Giraffe5 mA giraffe is an African mammal distinguished by its extremely long neck and legs, feeding mainly on tree leaves.
Rabbit40 cmA rabbit is a herbivorous mammal with long ears and strong hind legs, often kept as a pet or found in grasslands and forests.
Brown rat25 cmA brown rat is a medium-sized rodent that adapts easily to urban and rural environments.
Red fox70 cmThe red fox is a wild member of the dog family, recognised for its reddish fur and bushy tail, and is native to much of the Northern Hemisphere.
Grey wolf1.2 mA grey wolf is a social wild canine that lives and hunts in packs.
Lion1.9 mA lion is a large African cat that lives in social groups and preys on other mammals.
Tiger2.1 mA tiger is a solitary wild cat with a striped coat, native to Asia.
Polar bear2.5 mA polar bear is a large carnivorous mammal adapted to life on Arctic sea ice, mainly hunting seals.
Brown bear2 mA brown bear is a large omnivorous mammal found in forests and mountainous regions of Eurasia and North America.
Gorilla1.7 mA gorilla is a large, ground-dwelling ape native to African forests, living in groups and feeding mainly on plants.
Hippopotamus3.5 mA hippopotamus is a large, mostly aquatic mammal native to Africa, spending much of its time in rivers and lakes.
White rhinoceros3.8 mA white rhinoceros is a large African herbivore with two horns on its snout and a broad mouth for grazing.
Bottlenose dolphin2.5 mA bottlenose dolphin is a marine mammal with a streamlined body, prominent dorsal fin and a short beak-like snout.
Orca7 mThe orca, or killer whale, is a highly intelligent marine mammal in the dolphin family that hunts in coordinated groups.
Humpback whale15 mThe humpback whale is a baleen whale recognised for its long pectoral fins and complex vocalisations.
Sperm whale16 mThe sperm whale is a deep-diving toothed whale distinguished by its large, block-shaped head.
Whale shark10 mThe whale shark is the largest living fish and feeds by filtering plankton from the water.
Great white shark4.5 mThe great white shark is a predatory fish with a conical snout and serrated teeth, found in temperate and coastal waters.
Saltwater crocodile4.5 mThe saltwater crocodile is a large, semi-aquatic reptile native to coastal regions and river systems of Southeast Asia and Australia.
Green sea turtle1.1 mThe green sea turtle is a marine reptile that grazes on seagrass and algae in tropical and subtropical seas.
Emperor penguin1.15 mThe emperor penguin is a flightless bird native to Antarctica, adapted to breed during the harsh winter.
Ostrich2.4 mThe ostrich is a flightless bird native to Africa, notable for its long legs and rapid running speed.
Pigeon32 cmA pigeon is a bird that feeds mainly on seeds and is often seen in urban environments.
Hummingbird8 cmThe hummingbird is a tiny bird capable of hovering in mid-air by rapidly flapping its wings to feed on nectar.
Golden eagle85 cmThe golden eagle is a large bird of prey with powerful talons and keen eyesight, found across the Northern Hemisphere.
Python4 mThe python is a non-venomous constrictor snake that kills prey by suffocation and is found in Africa, Asia, and Australia.
Garden snail3.5 cmThe garden snail is a terrestrial mollusc with a coiled shell, often found in gardens and damp environments.
Butterfly5 cmThe butterfly is an insect with two pairs of scaled wings that undergoes metamorphosis from caterpillar to adult.
Oak tree25 mAn oak tree is a deciduous tree valued for its strong wood and distinctive lobed leaves.
Capybara1.15 mA capybara is the largest living rodent, native to South America and adapted to semi-aquatic habitats.
Tyrannosaurus rex12 mTyrannosaurus rex was a large, meat-eating dinosaur from the late Cretaceous period, recognised for its massive skull and powerful jaws.
Platypus50 cmThe platypus is a semi-aquatic mammal native to eastern Australia, notable for its duck-like bill and egg-laying reproduction.
Meerkat50 cmA meerkat is a small, social mammal from southern Africa that lives in cooperative groups and forages for insects and other small animals.
Axolotl25 cmAn axolotl is an aquatic salamander from Mexico that retains its larval features and external gills throughout its life.
Emu1.8 mThe emu is a large, flightless bird native to Australia.
American bison2.8 mThe American bison is a large grazing mammal native to North America, recognised for its humped shoulders and thick fur.
Andean condor3.1 mThe Andean condor is a large vulture found in South America, notable for its broad wings and soaring flight.
Alligator snapping turtle60 cmThe alligator snapping turtle is a freshwater turtle from the southeastern United States, distinguished by its spiked shell and powerful jaws.
Moon jellyfish25 cmA moon jellyfish is a translucent marine animal recognised by the four horseshoe-shaped structures visible through its bell.
Venus flytrap3 cmThe Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant that captures insects with its specialised hinged leaves.
Bird’s nest fungus2 cmBird’s nest fungus is a small fungus whose fruiting body resembles a tiny nest containing spore-filled capsules called peridioles.
Copepod2 mmA copepod is a tiny aquatic crustacean found in marine and freshwater environments, playing a key role in aquatic food webs.
Antarctic krill6 cmAntarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are small, shrimp-like marine crustaceans that serve as a vital food source for many Antarctic animals.
Sea butterfly5 mmA sea butterfly is a small marine snail that swims using wing-like extensions and has a delicate coiled shell.
Sea angel2 cmA sea angel is a small, transparent swimming sea slug with wing-like appendages, found in cold ocean waters.
Nudibranch10 cmA nudibranch is a soft-bodied marine mollusc, often brightly coloured, commonly known as a sea slug.
Leafy seadragon35 cmThe leafy seadragon is a marine fish from southern Australia with leaf-like appendages that help it blend into seaweed.
Mantis shrimp10 cmA mantis shrimp is a marine crustacean that hunts using specialised limbs to strike or spear prey.
Cleaner shrimp5.5 cmA cleaner shrimp is a marine crustacean that removes parasites and dead tissue from fish, forming mutualistic relationships.
Sea hare20 cmA sea hare is a soft-bodied marine mollusc related to sea slugs, capable of releasing ink when threatened.
Basket star20 cmA basket star is a marine echinoderm related to brittle stars, with repeatedly branching arms adapted for filter feeding.
Feather star15 cmA feather star is a marine crinoid with multiple feathery arms used for filter feeding and movement on the sea floor.
Sand dollar8 cmA sand dollar is a flat, burrowing sea urchin with a rigid, disc-shaped skeleton, often found in sandy coastal waters.
Abalone10 cmAn abalone is a marine mollusc with a flattened, ear-shaped shell, belonging to the genus Haliotis.
Queen conch25 cmThe queen conch is a marine mollusc native to the Caribbean and western Atlantic, recognised for its spiral pink shell.
Geoduck17 cmA geoduck is a large burrowing marine clam with a comparatively small shell and a very long siphon.
Giant barrel sponge1.2 mA giant barrel sponge is a large, hollow marine animal that filters food particles from seawater through its porous body.
Elkhorn coral colony2 mAn elkhorn coral colony is a branching formation of the coral species Acropora palmata, found in shallow Caribbean reefs.
Brain coral colony1.5 mA brain coral colony is a living mound-shaped formation of coral polyps that secrete a grooved, dome-like calcium carbonate skeleton.
Gorgonian sea fan1.5 mA gorgonian sea fan is a colony of small coral-like animals supported by a branching, fan-shaped skeleton.
Giant kelp plant30 mGiant kelp is a large brown alga that grows from the seafloor and can form dense underwater forests.
Siphonophore colony40 mA siphonophore is a floating colony of specialised animals called zooids that function together as one organism-like body.
Pyrosome colony2 mA pyrosome is a hollow, free-floating colony of many small filter-feeding tunicates joined in a tube.
Salp chain2 mA salp chain is a colony of barrel-shaped marine tunicates linked together while they swim and filter seawater.
Dumbo octopus30 cmThe dumbo octopus is a deep-sea animal belonging to the genus Grimpoteuthis, recognised for its webbed arms and distinctive ear-like fins used for swimming.05 / 28 discoveries
Built world
Brick21.5 cmA brick is a rectangular block made from clay or concrete, commonly used in building walls and structures.
Building storey3 mA building storey is a single level of a structure between two floors or a floor and a ceiling.Two-storey house8 mA two-storey house is a residential building with two levels for living space.Eiffel Tower330 mThe Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice structure in Paris, France, and a famous global landmark.
Statue of Liberty and pedestal93 mThe Statue of Liberty is a colossal copper sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbour, mounted on a large stone pedestal.3 km runway3 kmA runway is a paved strip at an airport where aircraft take off and land.1 km road section1 kmA road is a constructed route for vehicles, usually surfaced with materials such as asphalt or concrete to support regular traffic.
25 kg cement bag25 kgCement is a powdered material that hardens when mixed with water, used to bind building materials together.
20 tonne excavator20 tAn excavator is a construction machine with a bucket and arm for digging and moving earth.Burj Khalifa828 mBurj Khalifa is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, completed in 2010.
Empire State Building443.2 mThe Empire State Building is a skyscraper in New York City, completed in 1931 and noted for its Art Deco architecture.
The Shard309.6 mThe Shard is a glass-clad skyscraper in London, completed in 2012.
CN Tower553.3 mThe CN Tower is a telecommunications and observation tower in Toronto, Canada.
Great Pyramid of Giza138.5 mThe Great Pyramid of Giza is an ancient Egyptian pyramid built as a tomb for the pharaoh Khufu.
Golden Gate Bridge tower227 mThe Golden Gate Bridge tower is one of the two main vertical supports for the suspension bridge in San Francisco.
Hoover Dam221.4 mHoover Dam is a concrete barrier on the Colorado River that controls water flow and generates hydroelectric power.
Brooklyn Bridge486.3 mThe Brooklyn Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning the East River between Manhattan and Brooklyn in New York City.
Gateway Arch192 mThe Gateway Arch is a stainless steel monument in St Louis, Missouri, commemorating the westward expansion of the United States.
Leaning Tower of Pisa56 mThe Leaning Tower of Pisa is a medieval freestanding bell tower in Pisa, Italy, famous for its unintended tilt.
Tower Bridge61 mTower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge crossing the River Thames in central London.
Elizabeth Tower96 mThe Elizabeth Tower, often called Big Ben, is the iconic clock tower at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London.
Sydney Harbour Bridge503 mSydney Harbour Bridge is a steel arch bridge in Sydney, Australia, connecting the city centre with the North Shore.
Airport terminal building100 mAn airport terminal building is a multi-storey structure where passengers board, disembark, and transfer between aircraft and ground transport.
Indoor sports arena120 mAn indoor sports arena is a large enclosed building designed for hosting sporting events and accommodating spectators.
Colosseum189 mThe Colosseum is an ancient Roman amphitheatre in Rome built for public events such as gladiatorial contests.
Stonehenge trilithon7.3 mA Stonehenge trilithon is a prehistoric monument feature consisting of two upright stones supporting a horizontal lintel at Stonehenge.
Aircraft assembly hangar150 mAn aircraft assembly hangar is a large building designed for the construction and assembly of aeroplanes.
Launch vehicle assembly building160.3 mThe launch vehicle assembly building at Kennedy Space Center is a large structure used for assembling and servicing rockets before launch.06 / 57 discoveries
Transport
Bicycle1.8 mA bicycle is a human-powered vehicle with two wheels, pedals, and handlebars for steering.
Family car4.5 mA family car is a motor vehicle designed to carry several passengers and their belongings.
Delivery van6 mA delivery van is a motor vehicle designed for transporting goods, usually with an enclosed cargo space behind the driver's seat.Double-decker bus11 mA double-decker bus is a passenger vehicle with two levels, used for public transport.
Coach12 mA coach is a large vehicle designed for comfortable long-distance passenger travel.
Articulated lorry16.5 mAn articulated lorry is a heavy goods vehicle with a cab and a detachable trailer for carrying freight.
Train carriage23 mA train carriage is a railway vehicle that transports passengers or cargo as part of a train.
Eight-car train184 mA commuter train carries passengers between urban centres and nearby suburbs or towns, usually providing frequent service for daily travellers.
20-foot container6.096 mA 20-foot container is a standard-sized steel box used to transport goods by ship, rail or lorry.
40-foot container12.19 mA 40-foot container is a large steel box commonly used for shipping goods internationally by sea, rail or road.
Airbus A38072.7 mThe Airbus A380 is a double-deck, wide-body passenger aeroplane built for long-haul flights.
Large cruise ship300 mA large cruise ship is a passenger vessel designed for leisure voyages, offering accommodation, dining and entertainment.One-hour drive at 100 km/h100 kmA one-hour drive at a set speed is the distance a vehicle travels in one hour of uninterrupted motion.Five-hour drive at 100 km/h500 kmA five-hour drive at a set speed is the distance a vehicle covers in five hours of continuous travel without breaks.
1 tonne loaded pallet1 tA loaded pallet is a flat platform used to stack and transport goods in warehouses and shipping.
4 tonne forklift4 tA forklift is a powered vehicle designed to lift and move materials over short distances.
120 tonne locomotive120 tA locomotive is a rail vehicle that provides the motive power for trains.
20,000 tonne cargo load20,000 tA cargo load consists of unpackaged goods transported in large quantities, such as minerals or grain.
Boeing 747-876.3 mThe Boeing 747-8 is a long-range, wide-body commercial airliner used for transporting passengers and cargo.
High-speed train200 mA high-speed train is a passenger train designed to travel much faster than conventional rail services, often between major cities.
Sailing boat10 mA sailing boat is a watercraft propelled mainly by sails using wind power.Container ship400 mA container ship is a large vessel built to transport standardised cargo containers across seas and oceans.
Launch rocket70 mA launch rocket is a vehicle powered by rocket engines, used to send payloads into space.
Concorde62.1 mConcorde was a supersonic passenger airliner developed by British and French manufacturers that could travel faster than the speed of sound.
Harbour tugboat30 mA harbour tugboat is a powerful, manoeuvrable vessel designed to assist larger ships with docking and navigation in confined waters.
Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird32.7 mThe Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird is a long-range, high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft developed for the United States Air Force during the Cold War.
Antonov An-225 Mriya84 mThe Antonov An-225 Mriya was a Ukrainian-built cargo aircraft designed to transport extremely heavy and oversized loads.
Crew Dragon spacecraft8.1 mCrew Dragon spacecraft is a reusable capsule developed by SpaceX to transport astronauts to and from low Earth orbit.
Hughes H-4 Hercules97.54 mThe Hughes H-4 Hercules, also called the Spruce Goose, was a prototype American cargo seaplane built in the 1940s.
Scaled Composites Stratolaunch117 mThe Scaled Composites Stratolaunch is a twin-fuselage carrier aircraft designed to launch rockets from high altitude.
River paddle steamer11 mA river paddle steamer is a vessel propelled by a rotating paddle wheel, commonly used for river transport and excursions.
Dog sled2 mA dog sled is a lightweight vehicle designed to glide over snow, pulled by a team of dogs for travel or racing.
Mountain rack locomotive8.2 mA mountain rack locomotive is a railway engine equipped with cogwheels that engage a toothed rail, enabling it to climb steep gradients.
Apollo command module3.23 mThe Apollo command module was the conical spacecraft section that housed astronauts during NASA's Apollo lunar missions and re-entered Earth's atmosphere.
Kick scooter1 mA kick scooter is a human-powered vehicle with a handlebar and deck, propelled by pushing off the ground with one foot.
Balance bicycle86 cmA balance bicycle is a small children's bike without pedals, designed to teach balance and steering skills.
Cargo tricycle2.2 mA cargo tricycle is a three-wheeled cycle designed to carry goods, often with a large front or rear cargo box.
Recumbent bicycle2 mA recumbent bicycle is a cycle where the rider sits in a reclined position with legs forward, offering ergonomic support.
Penny-farthing cycle1.55 mA penny-farthing cycle is a type of early bicycle with a large front wheel and a much smaller rear wheel.
Cycle rickshaw2.5 mA cycle rickshaw is a pedal-powered vehicle used to carry passengers, with a seat for riders behind the driver.
Handcycle2 mA handcycle is a human-powered vehicle propelled by hand cranks, often used for sport or by people with limited use of their legs.
Velomobile2.7 mA velomobile is a pedal-powered vehicle with three wheels and a protective shell, designed for efficient cycling while seated in a reclined position.
Pedal go-kart1.8 mA pedal go-kart is a four-wheeled vehicle propelled by the rider’s pedalling, used for recreation or racing.
Horse-drawn gig2.4 mA horse-drawn gig is a light, two-wheeled carriage designed for one or two passengers, pulled by a single horse.
Hansom cab2.7 mA hansom cab is a two-wheeled, horse-drawn carriage with a driver’s seat behind the passenger compartment, once common in cities.
Farm wagon3.1 mA farm wagon is a four-wheeled vehicle drawn by animals and used to transport goods or produce on a farm.
Covered wagon3.6 mA covered wagon is a four-wheeled vehicle with a canvas cover, historically used for long-distance travel and transporting goods.
Stagecoach4.2 mA stagecoach is a four-wheeled, horse-drawn vehicle used for carrying passengers and mail along scheduled routes.
Canal narrowboat17.7 mA canal narrowboat is a long, slender vessel designed for navigating the narrow canals of the United Kingdom.
Dragon boat12.49 mA dragon boat is a long, narrow racing vessel paddled by a team, often decorated with a dragon's head and tail for competitions.
Six-person rowing shell13.4 mA six-person rowing shell is a long, lightweight boat designed for competitive rowing by six athletes using sweep oars.
Venetian gondola10.85 mA Venetian gondola is a traditional, flat-bottomed rowing boat used for transport on the canals of Venice.
Polynesian outrigger canoe8.7 mA Polynesian outrigger canoe is a traditional sailing vessel with a main hull and a lateral float for stability, used for navigation across the Pacific.
Racing catamaran5.52 mA racing catamaran is a high-speed sailing boat with two parallel hulls, designed for competitive sailing.
Pedal-powered rail trolley2.4 mA pedal-powered rail trolley is a lightweight vehicle propelled by pedalling, designed to travel along railway tracks for recreation or transport.
Human-powered aircraft28.7 mA human-powered aircraft is a lightweight aeroplane propelled solely by the pilot using pedals to drive a propeller.
Land yacht5.5 mA land yacht is a wind-powered vehicle with wheels and a sail, designed for high-speed travel over flat surfaces such as beaches or dry lake beds.07 / 79 discoveries
Space
Earth12,740 kmEarth is the rocky planet on which we live and the third planet from the Sun.
Moon3,475 kmThe Moon is Earth’s natural satellite and the brightest large object in Earth’s night sky.Earth–Moon distance384,400 kmThe Earth–Moon distance is the average space between the centres of the Earth and the Moon.
Mercury4,879 kmMercury is a rocky planet orbiting closest to the Sun in the Solar System.
Venus12,100 kmVenus is a rocky planet orbiting the Sun, covered by thick clouds of carbon dioxide and sulphuric acid.
Mars6,779 kmMars is a rocky planet orbiting the Sun, with a reddish surface due to iron oxide.
Jupiter139,800 kmJupiter is a giant planet composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, orbiting the Sun beyond the asteroid belt.
Saturn116,500 kmSaturn is a giant planet made mostly of hydrogen and helium, distinguished by its extensive ring system.
Uranus50,720 kmUranus is an ice giant planet with a blue-green atmosphere, orbiting the Sun on its side.
Neptune49,240 kmNeptune is an ice giant planet with a deep blue atmosphere, orbiting the Sun beyond Uranus.
Pluto2,377 kmPluto is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper Belt, composed of rock and ice and orbiting the Sun.
Sun1,391,000 kmThe Sun is the star at the centre of the Solar System.
Io3,643 kmIo is a natural satellite of Jupiter, covered with active volcanoes and sulphur deposits.
Europa3,122 kmEuropa is a natural satellite of Jupiter, with a smooth icy surface thought to cover a subsurface ocean.
Ganymede5,262 kmGanymede is a natural satellite of Jupiter and contains a magnetic field generated by its partially liquid core.
Callisto4,821 kmCallisto is a natural satellite of Jupiter, with a heavily cratered icy surface.
Titan5,150 kmTitan is a natural satellite of Saturn, with a thick nitrogen-rich atmosphere and surface lakes of hydrocarbons.
Enceladus504.2 kmEnceladus is a natural satellite of Saturn, with an icy surface and plumes of water vapour erupting from its south pole.
Triton2,705 kmTriton is a natural satellite of Neptune, with a retrograde orbit and a surface of frozen nitrogen.
Charon1,212 kmCharon is a natural satellite of Pluto, composed mainly of rock and water ice.
Ceres939.4 kmCeres is a dwarf planet located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
Eris2,326 kmEris is a dwarf planet in the scattered disc region beyond Neptune, composed of rock and ice.Earth–Sun distance1 AUThe Earth–Sun distance, or astronomical unit, is the standard measure of separation between Earth and the Sun used in astronomy.Neptune’s orbital distance30.11 AUNeptune’s orbital distance is the average separation between Neptune and the Sun.
Planetary Solar System60.22 AUThe Solar System is the collection of the Sun and all objects gravitationally bound to it, including planets, moons, and smaller bodies.
Kuiper Belt outer orbit50 AUThe Kuiper Belt is a region of the Solar System beyond Neptune containing many icy bodies and dwarf planets.
Oort Cloud3.163 lyThe Oort Cloud is a distant, roughly spherical shell of icy objects believed to surround the Solar System and supply long-period comets.Distance to Proxima Centauri4.25 lyThis is the distance from the Sun to Proxima Centauri, the closest known star to our Solar System.Distance to Sirius8.6 lyThis is the distance from the Sun to Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky.Distance to the galactic centre7.972 kpcThis is the distance from the Solar System to the centre of the Milky Way galaxy.Distance to Andromeda766.5 kpcThis is the distance between the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxy, our nearest large galactic neighbour.
Local Group3.066 MpcThe Local Group is a collection of galaxies that includes the Milky Way, Andromeda, and several smaller galaxies.
Distance to the Virgo Cluster16.56 MpcThis is the distance from the Milky Way to the Virgo Cluster, a nearby large cluster of galaxies.
Laniakea-scale region159.4 MpcLaniakea is a vast region of interconnected galaxy clusters defined by shared gravitational flows.
Milky Way30.66 kpcThe Milky Way is a spiral galaxy containing hundreds of billions of stars, including our Solar System.Andromeda galaxy79.72 kpcThe Andromeda galaxy, also called M31, is the nearest large spiral galaxy to the Milky Way.
Observable universe28.21 GpcThe observable universe is the region from which light or other signals have had time to reach us since the early universe.
Neutron star20 kmA neutron star is the dense remnant core left after a massive star explodes as a supernova, composed mostly of neutrons.
White dwarf12,000 kmA white dwarf is the dense, hot remnant core left behind after a star like the Sun has exhausted its nuclear fuel and shed its outer layers.
Proxima Centauri214,300 kmProxima Centauri is a red dwarf star and the closest known star to the Sun.Sirius A2,379,000 kmSirius A is the brighter main-sequence star in the Sirius binary system.Betelgeuse6.511 AUBetelgeuse is a red supergiant star in the constellation Orion that changes in brightness over time.Red giant0.465 AUA red giant is a star that has expanded and cooled after exhausting the hydrogen in its core.
Phobos22.53 kmPhobos is the larger and innermost moon of Mars, notable for its irregular shape and heavily cratered surface.
Bennu asteroid492 mBennu is a near-Earth asteroid with a rubble-pile structure and a roughly top-shaped body.
Saturn V110.6 mThe Saturn V was a multi-stage rocket developed by NASA to launch astronauts to the Moon during the Apollo programme.
Deimos12.4 kmDeimos is the smaller and outermost natural satellite of Mars, with an irregular, rocky shape.
Sputnik 158 cmSputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite launched into Earth orbit by the Soviet Union in 1957.
Explorer 12.03 mExplorer 1 was the first satellite launched by the United States, carrying scientific instruments to study Earth's radiation environment.
Mimas396.4 kmMimas is an icy moon of Saturn, visually dominated by the large Herschel impact crater.
Apollo command and service module11 mThe Apollo command and service module was the main spacecraft section used by NASA's Apollo missions to transport astronauts between Earth and lunar orbit.
Cassini spacecraft6.8 mThe Cassini spacecraft was a NASA probe launched to study Saturn and its moons, carrying scientific instruments and the Huygens lander.
Apollo lunar module7.04 mThe Apollo lunar module was a two-stage spacecraft used by NASA to land astronauts on the Moon and return them to lunar orbit during the Apollo missions.
Hubble Space Telescope13.2 mThe Hubble Space Telescope is an orbiting observatory launched by NASA to capture detailed images of astronomical objects.
Space Shuttle orbiter37.24 mA Space Shuttle orbiter was a reusable winged spacecraft that carried crews and cargo between Earth and low orbit.
Vanguard 116.5 cmVanguard 1 is an early American satellite launched in 1958, notable for being the oldest human-made object still in orbit.
Luna 290 cmLuna 2 was a Soviet spacecraft that became the first human-made object to impact the Moon in 1959.
Vostok 1 spacecraft4.4 mThe Vostok 1 spacecraft carried Yuri Gagarin, the first human to orbit Earth, during his 1961 spaceflight.
Gemini spacecraft5.61 mThe Gemini spacecraft was a two-person American capsule used for NASA’s crewed space missions in the 1960s.
Skylab36.1 mSkylab was the first American space station, used for scientific experiments and crewed missions in Earth orbit during the 1970s.
James Webb Space Telescope21.2 mThe James Webb Space Telescope is an infrared observatory in space designed to study distant galaxies, stars and planetary systems.
Kepler space telescope4.7 mThe Kepler space telescope was a NASA observatory launched to detect planets around other stars by monitoring changes in their brightness.
Gaia spacecraft3.5 mGaia is a European Space Agency observatory designed to map the positions and motions of stars in the Milky Way.
Voyager 1 spacecraft3.66 mVoyager 1 is a NASA space probe launched in 1977 to study the outer planets and now travels through interstellar space.
New Horizons spacecraft2.2 mNew Horizons is a NASA spacecraft launched to study Pluto and the Kuiper Belt, carrying scientific instruments and powered by a radioisotope generator.
Juno spacecraft20 mJuno is a NASA spacecraft sent to study Jupiter’s atmosphere, magnetic field and structure, powered by three large solar arrays.
Rosetta spacecraft32 mRosetta was an ESA spacecraft launched to study comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, carrying the Philae lander and powered by solar arrays.
Parker Solar Probe3 mThe Parker Solar Probe is a NASA spacecraft launched to study the Sun’s outer atmosphere at close range.
Falcon 970 mFalcon 9 is a two-stage orbital rocket developed by SpaceX for launching satellites and crewed missions.
Space Launch System Block 198.1 mSpace Launch System Block 1 is NASA’s heavy-lift rocket designed for launching deep space missions beyond Earth orbit.
Amalthea167 kmAmalthea is an irregularly shaped moon of Jupiter with a reddish surface and prominent craters.
Himalia170 kmHimalia is an irregularly shaped outer moon of Jupiter, orbiting the planet at a great distance.
Thebe98.6 kmThebe is a small, irregular inner moon of Jupiter that orbits close to the planet within its ring system.
Adrastea16.4 kmAdrastea is a small, irregular inner moon of Jupiter, located just outside the planet's main ring.
Metis43 kmMetis is an irregularly shaped inner moon of Jupiter, orbiting close to the planet's cloud tops.
Tethys1,062 kmTethys is a mid-sized icy moon of Saturn, notable for its large impact basin and surface fractures.
Dione1,123 kmDione is an icy moon of Saturn, distinguished by its heavily cratered surface and bright ice cliffs.
Rhea1,528 kmRhea is an icy moon of Saturn with a heavily cratered surface and bright fractures.
Hyperion270 kmHyperion is a porous, irregularly shaped moon of Saturn that rotates chaotically and has a sponge-like surface.08 / 46 discoveries
Sport
Football pitch105 mA football pitch is the marked rectangular playing surface used for association football.
Doubles tennis court23.77 mA doubles tennis court is the marked playing surface used for tennis with the outer doubles sidelines included.
Singles tennis court23.77 mA singles tennis court is a rectangular surface with marked lines used for playing one-on-one tennis matches.
Table tennis table2.74 mA table tennis table is a flat, rectangular surface divided by a net for playing the game of table tennis.
Badminton court13.4 mA badminton court is the marked rectangular playing surface used for games of badminton.
Volleyball court18 mA volleyball court is the marked rectangular playing surface divided by a net for the team sport of volleyball.
Squash court9.75 mA squash court is an enclosed room with four walls used for playing the sport of squash.
28 × 15 m basketball court28 mA basketball court is a marked playing surface used for the sport of basketball, featuring two baskets at opposite ends for scoring.
25 m swimming pool25 mA 25 m swimming pool is a water-filled basin used for swimming and aquatic exercise, often found in leisure centres.
50 m swimming pool50 mA 50 m swimming pool is a large pool built for competitive swimming events, including international competitions.400 m running lap400 mA 400 m running lap is the standard distance for one circuit of an athletics track, measured along the inside lane.
Size 5 football430 gAn association-football ball is an air-filled spherical ball designed to be kicked, passed and headed during play.
10 kg dumbbell10 kgA dumbbell is a handheld weight used for strength training and exercise.
16 kg kettlebell16 kgA kettlebell is a cast-iron or steel weight with a handle, used for fitness and strength exercises.
20 kg barbell20 kgA barbell is a long bar with weights attached at each end, used in weightlifting.
Squash ball4 cmA squash ball is a small, hollow rubber ball used in the sport of squash.
Shuttlecock8.5 cmA shuttlecock is a feathered projectile used in badminton, designed to be struck by rackets.
Table tennis paddle26 cmA table tennis paddle is a small, flat bat used to strike the ball in the game of table tennis.
Ten-pin bowling pin38.1 cmA ten-pin bowling pin is a skittle-shaped target used in bowling, designed to be knocked down by a rolling ball.
Lacrosse ball6.35 cmA lacrosse ball is a solid rubber ball used in the sport of lacrosse, designed to meet official standards for play.
Pelota ball5.7 cmA pelota ball is a hard ball used in Basque pelota, a traditional court sport played by striking the ball against a wall.
Cricket wicket set71.12 cmA cricket wicket set is the arrangement of three upright wooden stumps topped by two bails, serving as the target for bowlers and fielders in cricket.
Field hockey stick93 cmA field hockey stick is a curved stick used by players to control, pass, and strike the ball in the sport of field hockey.
Lacrosse stick1.041 mA lacrosse stick is a sports implement with a netted head used to catch, carry and throw a ball in lacrosse.
Hurling stick91 cmA hurling stick, or hurley, is a wooden stick used to strike a ball in the Irish field sport of hurling.
Baseball catcher's mitt33 cmA baseball catcher's mitt is a heavily padded glove worn by catchers to receive pitches and protect the hand.
Fencing foil1.1 mA fencing foil is a lightweight sword used in the sport of fencing, designed for thrusting with a blunted tip.
Curling broom1.22 mA curling broom is a tool used in curling to sweep the ice and influence the movement of the curling stone.
Polo mallet1.22 mA polo mallet is a long-handled tool used by players on horseback to strike the ball in polo.
Basketball backboard1.8 mA basketball backboard is a flat, rigid board mounted behind the hoop to provide a surface for rebounding and scoring.
Volleyball net post2.55 mA volleyball net post is a vertical support used to hold a volleyball net in place during play, positioned outside the sidelines according to official rules.
Tennis umpire chair2.2 mA tennis umpire chair is a tall, freestanding seat that allows the umpire to oversee and officiate tennis matches from an elevated position.
Badminton net frame6.1 mThe badminton net frame holds the net in place across the court using two upright posts, allowing players to hit the shuttlecock over it during a match.
Portable football goal1.8 mA portable football goal is a lightweight, movable frame with a net, used for training or informal football matches.
Water polo goal3 mA water polo goal is a floating frame with a net used as the scoring target in water polo matches.
Basketball hoop standard3.95 mA basketball hoop standard is the support structure that holds a backboard, rim and net above a basketball court.
Cricket sight screen6 mA cricket sight screen is a movable panel placed behind the bowler to provide a contrasting background, making the ball easier for the batter to see.
Baseball batting cage21.3 mA baseball batting cage is a netted enclosure used for practising batting, allowing players to hit balls safely without risk of them travelling far or causing injury.
Indoor futsal goal3 mAn indoor futsal goal is the rectangular target structure with a net used for scoring in the sport of futsal.
Beach volleyball referee stand2.4 mA beach volleyball referee stand is an elevated platform that positions the referee above the net for clear oversight during matches.
Orienteering control marker30 cmAn orienteering control marker is a fabric flag with orange and white panels used to mark checkpoints in orienteering events.
Climbing piton15 cmA climbing piton is a metal spike driven into rock cracks to provide protection or anchor points during climbing.
Disc golf driver21.1 cmA disc golf driver is a specialised flying disc designed for long-distance throws in the sport of disc golf.
Boomerang40 cmA boomerang is a curved, flat tool traditionally used for sport or hunting, designed to return to the thrower when thrown correctly.
Archery target boss1.3 mAn archery target boss is a round, thick backing made to safely stop arrows during target shooting.
Snowshoe76 cmA snowshoe is a footwear device designed to spread a person's weight, allowing easier movement across snow-covered ground.09 / 55 discoveries
Places
50 × 40 m playground2,000 m²A playground is an outdoor space intended for children's recreation and play activities.10 hectare park100,000 m²A park is a green space set aside for public recreation and relaxation.
100 hectare farm1 km²A farm is land used for growing crops or raising animals for food production.
4 km² district4 km²A district is an administrative or informally defined part of a town, city or wider region.
25 km² woodland25 km²A woodland is a tract of land dominated by trees and shrubs, supporting a variety of plant and animal life.
100 km² island100 km²An island is a landmass entirely surrounded by water.10,000 km² region10,000 km²A region is a large expanse of land defined by geographical or administrative boundaries.
Mount Everest8.849 kmMount Everest is the highest mountain above sea level, located in the Himalayas on the border between Nepal and China.Challenger Deep10.94 kmChallenger Deep is the deepest known point in the Earth's oceans, located in the Mariana Trench.
Manhattan59.1 km²Manhattan is an island and borough of New York City, known as a major centre for finance, culture and media.
Central Park3.41 km²Central Park is a large public park in the centre of Manhattan, New York City.
Greater London1,572 km²Greater London is the administrative region encompassing the capital city of the United Kingdom and its surrounding districts.
Singapore735 km²Singapore is a sovereign city-state and island nation at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula.
Isle of Wight380 km²The Isle of Wight is an island off the southern coast of England, separated from the mainland by the Solent.
United Kingdom243,600 km²The United Kingdom is a country in north-western Europe comprising England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Japan378,000 km²Japan is an island nation in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean east of the Korean Peninsula.
Greenland2,166,000 km²Greenland is a large Arctic island northeast of Canada, mostly covered by an ice sheet and governed as an autonomous territory within Denmark.
Australia7,692,000 km²Australia is a country and continent located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans in the Southern Hemisphere.
Africa30,370,000 km²Africa is a continent south of Europe, made up of over 50 countries with diverse climates and landscapes.
Earth’s oceans1.338 × 10⁹ km³Earth’s oceans are the interconnected bodies of salt water that cover most of the planet’s surface.All Earth’s water1.386 × 10⁹ km³All Earth’s water includes the combined total of water in oceans, ice, groundwater, lakes, rivers and the atmosphere.
A cubic-kilometre lake1 km³A cubic-kilometre lake is a hypothetical body of freshwater defined as containing exactly one cubic kilometre of water.
Niagara Falls51 mNiagara Falls is a group of three waterfalls on the Niagara River between Canada and the United States.
Lake Baikal31,500 km²Lake Baikal is a deep, ancient freshwater lake in Siberia, Russia, noted for its biodiversity and clear water.
Mount Fuji3.776 kmMount Fuji is a volcanic mountain on the Japanese island of Honshu, recognised by its broad, symmetrical cone.
K28.611 kmK2 is a steep mountain in the Karakoram range on the border between Pakistan and China.
Aconcagua6.961 kmAconcagua is a mountain in the Andes of western Argentina, close to the border with Chile.Bali5,780 km²Bali is an Indonesian island renowned for its distinctive Hindu culture and vibrant arts scene.Amazon River6,400 kmThe Amazon River is a major waterway in South America that flows eastward across the continent and drains a vast rainforest basin.Sahara9,200,000 km²The Sahara is a vast desert region in North Africa, characterised by arid climate and extensive sand dunes.Amazon rainforest5,500,000 km²The Amazon rainforest is a dense tropical forest in South America, home to a rich diversity of plant and animal life.Great Barrier Reef348,000 km²The Great Barrier Reef is a large coral reef system off the coast of Australia, renowned for its extensive marine biodiversity.Grand Canyon446 kmThe Grand Canyon is a vast, steep-sided gorge carved by the Colorado River in northern Arizona, United States.Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon504 kmThe Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon is a deep river gorge in Tibet, following the Yarlung Tsangpo River through the Himalayas.
Yellowstone Caldera70 kmThe Yellowstone Caldera is a large volcanic collapse structure within Yellowstone National Park in the United States.Roe River61 mThe Roe River is a short river in Montana, USA, flowing from Giant Springs to the Missouri River.Ombla River30 mThe Ombla River is a short river near Dubrovnik, Croatia, flowing from a karst spring to a nearby ria.Nautley River800 mThe Nautley River is a short waterway in British Columbia connecting Fraser Lake to the Nechako River.Powell River500 mThe Powell River is a short river in British Columbia flowing from Powell Lake to the Salish Sea.Comal River4 kmThe Comal River is a natural watercourse in New Braunfels, Texas, that flows from springs to join the Guadalupe River.Onyx River32 kmThe Onyx River is a seasonal meltwater stream in Antarctica’s McMurdo Dry Valleys, regarded as the continent’s longest river.River Thames346 kmThe River Thames is a major river in southern England that flows through London and empties into the North Sea.Seine777 kmThe Seine is a river in northern France that passes through Paris and flows into the English Channel.Rhine1,230 kmThe Rhine is a river in western Europe that flows from the Swiss Alps through several countries to the North Sea.Danube2,850 kmThe Danube is a major river in central and eastern Europe, flowing from Germany's Black Forest to the Black Sea.Volga3,530 kmThe Volga is a river in central Russia, running from the Valdai Hills to the Caspian Sea.Mekong4,350 kmThe Mekong is a river in Southeast Asia, originating on the Tibetan Plateau and flowing to the South China Sea.Murray River2,530 kmThe Murray River is a major river in southeastern Australia, flowing from the Snowy Mountains to the Southern Ocean.Orange River2,100 kmThe Orange River is a principal river in southern Africa, running from the Lesotho Highlands to the Atlantic Ocean.Lena4,400 kmThe Lena is a major river in eastern Siberia, Russia, flowing from the Baikal Mountains to the Laptev Sea.Yenisei5,539 kmThe Yenisei is a major river in Siberia, Russia, flowing northwards from Mongolia to the Arctic Ocean.Ob–Irtysh system5,410 kmThe Ob–Irtysh system is a river network in western Siberia, Russia and Kazakhstan, formed by the Ob River and its main tributary, the Irtysh.Yellow River5,464 kmThe Yellow River, or Huang He, is a major river in northern China, flowing from the Bayan Har Mountains to the Bohai Sea.Congo River4,700 kmThe Congo River is a major waterway in Central Africa, flowing through dense rainforest and forming an extensive drainage basin.Nile6,650 kmThe Nile is a prominent river in northeastern Africa, flowing northward through several countries before reaching the Mediterranean Sea.10 / 36 discoveries
Containers
0.05 ml drop50 µLA drop is a very small portion of liquid formed by surface tension.
5 ml measuring teaspoon5 mlA measuring teaspoon is used to portion small amounts of ingredients in cooking or medicine.15 ml measuring tablespoon15 mlA measuring tablespoon is used to portion larger amounts of ingredients in recipes.
25 ml measure25 mlA measure is commonly used to serve spirits or liqueurs in bars.
30 ml espresso30 mlAn espresso is a concentrated coffee made by forcing hot water through finely-ground coffee beans.
30 ml measuring cup30 mlA measuring cup is used to dispense precise amounts of liquid medicines.
150 ml glass150 mlA 150 ml glass is a drinking vessel commonly used for serving small portions of beverages such as water, juice or wine.
250 ml measuring cup250 mlA measuring cup is used to portion liquids or powders in cooking and baking.350 ml mug350 mlA mug is a handled cup used for hot beverages like tea or coffee.
330 ml drinks can330 mlA drinks can is a sealed metal container for beverages such as soft drinks or beer.
500 ml bottle500 mlA bottle is a container with a narrow neck for storing and pouring liquids.
750 ml bottle750 mlA wine bottle is a glass container designed for holding and serving wine.
1 litre carton1 LA carton is a box-shaped container, often made of cardboard or plastic, used for packaging liquids like milk or juice.
2 litre bottle2 LA soda bottle is used to contain and serve carbonated soft drinks.
1.7 litre kettle1.7 LA kettle is used to heat water, often for making tea or coffee.
3 litre saucepan3 LA saucepan is a deep pan with a handle, used for cooking or boiling food on a hob.
5 litre watering can5 LA watering can is used to pour water onto plants.
10 litre bucket10 LA bucket is a handled container used for carrying liquids or loose materials.
20 litre jerrycan20 LA jerrycan is a sturdy container for storing and transporting liquids such as fuel or water.40 litre suitcase40 LA suitcase is a portable case for carrying clothes and belongings during travel.
60 litre aquarium60 LAn aquarium is a transparent tank for keeping and displaying live fish and aquatic plants.
150 litre bathful150 LA bath is a large container for washing or soaking the body in water.
200 litre water butt200 LA water butt collects and stores rainwater for later use, often in gardens.
240 litre wheelie bin240 LA wheelie bin is a large waste container with wheels for easy movement, used for rubbish collection.
1,000 litre IBC tank1 m³An IBC tank is a large industrial container for storing and transporting liquids or granulated substances.
1,500 litre hot tub1.5 m³A hot tub is a tub filled with heated water for relaxation or hydrotherapy.
2,500 litre tank2.5 m³An oil tank stores heating oil or other liquid fuels for domestic or industrial use.
30,000 litre tanker30 m³A tanker is a vehicle or vessel designed to transport bulk liquids such as fuel or chemicals.
10,000 litre garden pool10 m³A garden pool is an outdoor pool used for swimming or recreation in a garden setting.
10 million litre reservoir10,000 m³A reservoir is an artificial or natural lake used to store water for supply, irrigation, or industry.
French coffee press1 LA French coffee press is a device for brewing coffee by steeping ground beans in hot water and separating them with a plunger and mesh filter.
Milk churn40 LA milk churn is a traditional metal container used for transporting and storing milk from farms to dairies.
Samovar urn5 LA samovar urn is a traditional metal vessel used to heat and serve tea, especially in Russian and Central Asian cultures.
Butter churn20 LA butter churn is a vessel with a mechanism for agitating cream to produce butter, traditionally operated by hand.
Oak wine tun1 m³An oak wine tun is a large wooden vessel traditionally used for fermenting or storing wine.
Espresso demitasse60 mlAn espresso demitasse is a small porcelain cup used for serving concentrated espresso coffee.11 / 19 discoveries
Fundamental physics
Planck length1.616 × 10⁻³⁵ mThe Planck length is a scale formed from fundamental physical constants.
Electron9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kgAn electron is a fundamental subatomic particle with a negative electric charge, found in atoms and responsible for electricity and chemical bonding.
Proton1.682 fmA proton is a positively charged particle found in the nucleus of atoms, made up of quarks.
Neutron1.675 × 10⁻²⁷ kgA neutron is a type of subatomic particle found in atomic nuclei, carrying no electric charge and playing a key role in holding nuclei together.Bohr radius52.92 pmThe Bohr radius is a fundamental physical constant representing the most probable distance between the nucleus and the electron in a hydrogen atom according to early quantum theory.Planck mass21.76 µgThe Planck mass is a theoretical mass scale derived from fundamental constants, significant in discussions of quantum gravity.Planck temperature1.417 × 10³² KThe Planck temperature is a theoretical temperature scale at which quantum gravitational effects are expected to become important.Hydrogen 21 cm hyperfine transition5.873 × 10⁻⁶ eVThis is a change in the energy state of neutral hydrogen atoms that produces or absorbs radio waves, widely used in radio astronomy.Caesium-133 clock transition108.8 psThe caesium-133 clock transition is the specific change in energy state of a caesium-133 atom that defines the duration of one second in the International System of Units.Strontium-87 optical clock transition1.779 eVThe strontium-87 optical clock transition is an energy change between two quantum states of strontium atoms that can set the timing of an optical atomic clock.Photon pressure thrust per kilowatt6.7 × 10⁻⁶ NPhoton pressure thrust per kilowatt is the force generated when one kilowatt of light is absorbed or reflected, due to photon momentum.Radiation pressure on a laser mirror7 × 10⁻⁶ NRadiation pressure on a laser mirror is the force exerted by a laser beam as its photons strike and reflect from the mirror.Soap film pull on a wire0.006 NSoap film pull on a wire is the force created by the surface tension of a soap film stretched across a wire frame.Raindrop aerodynamic drag0.0003 NRaindrop aerodynamic drag is the force exerted by air resistance on a falling raindrop as it moves through the atmosphere.Snowflake aerodynamic drag1 × 10⁻⁶ NSnowflake aerodynamic drag is the resistive force experienced by a falling snowflake as it moves through air.Thrust of an ionocraft lifter0.2 NThe thrust of an ionocraft lifter is the upward force generated by moving ions through air using high voltage, allowing the device to lift itself.Thrust of a Hall-effect satellite thruster0.1 NThe thrust of a Hall-effect satellite thruster is the force produced by accelerating ions with a magnetic field to propel a spacecraft.Thrust of a gridded ion engine0.09 NThe thrust of a gridded ion engine is the force generated by accelerating ions through electrostatic grids to provide propulsion in space.
Single DNA molecule stretching force5 × 10⁻¹¹ NSingle DNA molecule stretching force is the force required to extend a single DNA strand under controlled laboratory conditions.12 / 25 discoveries
Motion
Snail crawling0.001 m/sSnail crawling is the slow movement of a snail as it glides along a surface using its muscular foot.Walking1.389 m/sWalking is a form of human locomotion where one foot is always in contact with the ground.Running2.778 m/sRunning is a method of terrestrial locomotion in which humans move rapidly on foot, with both feet leaving the ground during each stride.Sprinting36 km/hSprinting is running at full speed over a short distance, requiring maximum effort and power.Sound in air1,235 km/hSound in air is the propagation of pressure waves through the atmosphere, which can be heard by humans and animals.
Bullet2,880 km/hA bullet is a small metal projectile fired from a gun or rifle.
International Space Station28,160 km/hThe International Space Station is a large habitable satellite that orbits Earth and serves as a research laboratory.Light in vacuum1 cLight in vacuum is electromagnetic radiation that travels through empty space without any material medium.Earth orbiting the Sun107,200 km/hEarth orbiting the Sun is the motion of our planet as it revolves around the Sun along its elliptical path.
Electron drift in household copper wiring0.0001 m/sThis refers to the slow average movement of electrons through copper wire when an electric current flows.
Earth equator rotational speed1,674 km/hEarth equator rotational speed is the velocity at which a point on the equator moves eastward due to Earth's rotation.Continental plate drift8 × 10⁻¹⁰ m/sContinental plate drift is the slow movement of Earth's tectonic plates driven by forces within the planet's mantle.Fingernail growth1 × 10⁻⁹ m/sFingernail growth is the process by which human fingernails gradually extend from the base of the nail bed over time.Stalactite growth front3 × 10⁻¹¹ m/sA stalactite growth front is the advancing tip of a stalactite, where mineral deposits accumulate as water drips in caves.Tree trunk radial growth1 × 10⁻¹⁰ m/sTree trunk radial growth refers to the outward expansion of a tree's trunk as new layers of wood are added beneath the bark.Garden snail relaxed crawl0.0008 m/sA garden snail relaxed crawl describes the slow, steady movement of a garden snail as it glides along a surface.Banana slug crawl0.0015 m/sBanana slug crawl refers to the speed at which a banana slug moves across a surface using muscular contractions and mucus secretion.Earthworm surface crawl0.005 m/sEarthworm surface crawl is the rate at which an earthworm moves along the ground by extending and contracting its body segments.Sea star tube-foot travel0.0003 m/sSea star tube-foot travel is the movement speed of a sea star as it uses its tube feet to glide over surfaces.Slime mould migration1 × 10⁻⁵ m/sSlime mould migration is the rate at which a motile stage of slime mould advances across a surface in search of food.Moon orbital speed around Earth3,679 km/hMoon orbital speed around Earth is the average velocity at which the Moon travels along its orbit around our planet.Golf ball after a drive270 km/hA golf ball after a drive is a ball in rapid motion immediately after being struck from the tee by a golf club.Sperm cell swimming5 × 10⁻⁵ m/sSperm cell swimming refers to the speed at which a human sperm cell moves through fluid using its tail for propulsion.Red blood cell in a capillary0.001 m/sA red blood cell in a capillary refers to an erythrocyte moving through the body's smallest blood vessels as part of microcirculation.Container-terminal ship-to-shore trolley3 m/sA container-terminal ship-to-shore trolley is a motorised platform that moves shipping containers horizontally along a crane between a ship and the dock.13 / 31 discoveries
Temperature
Absolute zero0 KAbsolute zero is the lowest temperature permitted by thermodynamics, where a system has the least thermal energy available to it.Ultracold atom cloud1 × 10⁻⁷ KAn ultracold atom cloud is a collection of atoms cooled to temperatures near absolute zero, used in advanced physics experiments.Boiling helium4.22 KBoiling helium is helium in its liquid state at its normal boiling point under standard atmospheric pressure.
Cosmic microwave background2.725 KThe cosmic microwave background is faint thermal radiation filling the universe, left over from the early stages after the Big Bang.Boiling nitrogen77.36 KBoiling nitrogen is nitrogen gas produced when liquid nitrogen is heated at normal atmospheric pressure.A freezing winter day-10 °CA freezing winter day is weather cold enough for outdoor water to turn to ice.Freezing water0 °CFreezing water is liquid water at the temperature where it begins to turn into ice under normal pressure.Room temperature20 °CRoom temperature describes indoor air conditions generally considered comfortable for people and suitable for ordinary activities.A warm summer day30 °CA warm summer day is weather with outdoor air noticeably hotter than average, typical of summer in temperate regions.Human body temperature37 °CHuman body temperature is the internal temperature maintained by a healthy person under normal conditions.A 39 °C reading39 °CA fever is a temporary rise in body temperature, commonly associated with the immune system responding to infection or inflammation.Boiling water100 °CBoiling water is water heated until it changes rapidly from liquid to steam at standard atmospheric pressure.Hot oven200 °CA hot oven is a kitchen appliance used for baking or roasting food at elevated temperatures.Wood fire1,073 KA wood fire is the burning of wood in air, producing heat, light and flames.Lava1,373 KLava is molten rock that erupts from a volcano and flows on the Earth's surface before cooling and solidifying.Molten iron1,811 KMolten iron is iron in its liquid state, formed by heating solid iron above its melting point.Fusion plasma100,000,000 KFusion plasma is a state of matter where atomic nuclei and electrons are separated and nuclei can undergo nuclear fusion.Gallium melting plateau at standard pressure29.76 °CThis is the temperature at which pure gallium changes from solid to liquid under normal atmospheric pressure.Water triple point0.01 °CThe water triple point is the unique temperature and pressure at which water can exist simultaneously as solid, liquid, and vapour in equilibrium.Dry ice sublimation point-78.5 °CThe dry ice sublimation point is the temperature at which solid carbon dioxide turns directly into gas at standard atmospheric pressure.Superfluid helium lambda point2.17 KThe superfluid helium lambda point is the temperature at which helium-4 transitions from a normal liquid to a superfluid state.Hydrogen normal boiling point20.27 KHydrogen normal boiling point is the temperature at which hydrogen changes from a liquid to a gas at standard atmospheric pressure.Neon normal boiling point27.1 KNeon normal boiling point is the temperature at which neon transitions from liquid to gas under standard atmospheric pressure.Nitrogen triple point63.15 KThe nitrogen triple point is the unique temperature and pressure at which nitrogen can coexist as a solid, liquid, and gas.Oxygen normal boiling point90.19 KOxygen normal boiling point is the temperature at which oxygen changes from liquid to gas at standard atmospheric pressure.Argon normal boiling point87.3 KArgon normal boiling point is the temperature at which argon transitions from liquid to gas under standard atmospheric pressure.Liquid ammonia boiling point-33.15 °CLiquid ammonia boiling point is the temperature at which ammonia boils and turns into gas near atmospheric pressure.Liquid methane boiling point-161.1 °CLiquid methane boiling point is the temperature at which methane changes from liquid to gas near atmospheric pressure.Space Shuttle re-entry plasma8,000 KSpace Shuttle re-entry plasma is the extremely hot, ionised gas layer that forms around a spacecraft as it re-enters Earth's atmosphere at high speed.Food refrigerator interior4 °CFood refrigerator interior refers to the air temperature inside a fridge, maintained to keep food safe and slow spoilage.Neutron star surface1,000,000 KNeutron star surface temperature is the intense heat found at the outer layer of a young neutron star after a supernova.14 / 22 discoveries
Time
Planck time5.391 × 10⁻⁴⁴ sPlanck time is the theoretical shortest meaningful interval of time, defined using fundamental physical constants.Atomic-scale transition1 fsAn atomic-scale transition is a rapid change in the energy state of an atom, often occurring in extremely short intervals.Camera flash1 msA camera flash is a brief, intense burst of light used to illuminate a scene for photography.Blink of an eye150 msA blink of an eye is the quick closing and opening of the eyelid, usually happening involuntarily.Heartbeat1 sA heartbeat is the regular contraction of the heart that pumps blood through the body.A song3.5 minA song is a musical composition intended to be performed vocally or instrumentally.A feature film2 hA feature film is a motion picture created to tell a complete story for viewers.A workday8 hA workday is a typical period during which people perform paid employment.Human lifetime80 yearsA human lifetime is the span from a person's birth to their death.A century100 yearsA century is a period of one hundred years.Recorded-history interval5 kyrThe recorded-history interval is the span for which humans have kept written or documented records.Since the non-avian dinosaurs66 MyrThe interval since the non-avian dinosaurs marks the time since these dinosaurs disappeared from Earth.Age of Earth4.54 GyrThe age of Earth is the time that has passed since the planet formed from the solar nebula.Age of the universe13.8 GyrThe age of the universe is the time since the Big Bang, marking the beginning of cosmic expansion.Top quark lifetime5 × 10⁻²⁵ sThis is the average time a top quark exists before it decays into other particles.Muon lifetime2.197 µsMuon lifetime is the average time a free muon exists before decaying into other particles, such as an electron and neutrinos.Free neutron mean lifetime14.67 minFree neutron mean lifetime is the average time a neutron exists outside an atomic nucleus before decaying into other particles.
Cinema frame at 24 frames per second41.67 msA cinema frame at 24 frames per second is the time interval between consecutive images in standard film projection.Geostationary satellite orbit23.93 hA geostationary satellite orbit is a circular path above Earth's equator where a satellite moves at the same rate as Earth's rotation, appearing stationary over one longitude.Moon phase synodic cycle29.53 daysThe Moon phase synodic cycle is the average time between identical lunar phases, such as from one full moon to the next.Venus solar day116.8 daysA Venus solar day is the interval between two successive sunrises at the same location on Venus, which is much longer than an Earth day.Saturn rotation period10.7 hSaturn's rotation period is the time the planet takes to complete one full turn relative to distant stars, defining its day.15 / 25 discoveries
Energy
Visible photon2.247 eVA visible photon is a single particle of light within the range detectable by the human eye.Lift an apple one metre1.765 JLifting an apple one metre is the work needed to raise a small object against Earth's gravity over that distance.Food kilocalorie4.184 kJA food kilocalorie is the energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius, used to express food energy.
Phone battery54 kJA phone battery stores electrical energy to power a mobile phone.
Laptop battery216 kJA laptop battery supplies electrical energy to a portable computer.Heat one litre of water334.4 kJHeating one litre of water is the energy required to raise the temperature of a standard amount of water to near boiling.
A 2,000 kcal food day8.368 MJDaily food energy is the chemical energy a person obtains from all food and drink consumed over a day.A 10 kWh day36 MJThis is the amount of electrical energy consumed by a household over the course of one day.
Electric car battery216 MJAn electric car battery stores energy to power an electric vehicle.One litre of petrol34 MJOne litre of petrol is a standard quantity of liquid fuel used in combustion engines.Lightning energy model1 GJA lightning energy model represents the total energy released during a single lightning discharge.
An industrial terajoule1 TJAn industrial terajoule is a large unit of energy used to quantify industrial-scale processes or outputs.One second of sunlight3.828 × 10¹¹ PJThe total energy emitted by the Sun in all directions over one second.Supernova light model1 × 10²⁷ PJThe electromagnetic energy released by a typical supernova explosion, excluding kinetic and neutrino energy.Deuterium–tritium fusion reaction energy2.82 × 10⁻¹² JDeuterium–tritium fusion reaction energy is the amount of energy released when a deuterium nucleus fuses with a tritium nucleus, producing a neutron and an alpha particle.
One tonne TNT equivalent4.184 GJOne tonne of TNT equivalent is a conventional unit of energy, defined as 4.184 gigajoules rather than by the variable yield of a particular explosive sample.Large Hadron Collider proton energy1.1 × 10⁻⁶ JLarge Hadron Collider proton energy is the kinetic energy carried by a single proton accelerated in the LHC.One-gigaelectronvolt cosmic-ray proton1.602 × 10⁻¹⁰ JA one-gigaelectronvolt cosmic-ray proton is a hydrogen nucleus travelling through space with a kinetic energy of 1 GeV.Green photon energy2.253 eVGreen photon energy is the energy carried by a single photon of green light, determined by its wavelength and fundamental physical constants.Moon orbital kinetic energy3.83 × 10¹³ PJMoon orbital kinetic energy is the energy the Moon possesses due to its motion as it orbits Earth.Freight train at cruising speed1.23 GJThe kinetic energy of a freight train at cruising speed is the energy it has because of its motion along the tracks.
Tennis ball serve kinetic energy120 JTennis ball serve kinetic energy is the amount of energy a tennis ball has due to its motion immediately after being struck during a serve.Golf drive ball kinetic energy130 JGolf drive ball kinetic energy is the amount of energy a golf ball possesses due to its motion immediately after being struck.Hydrogen atom ground-state binding energy13.61 eVHydrogen atom ground-state binding energy is the energy needed to remove the electron from a hydrogen atom in its lowest energy state.Coin cell stored energy2.43 kJCoin cell stored energy is the total electrical energy that can be delivered by a small, disc-shaped lithium battery before depletion.16 / 27 discoveries
Power
Quartz watch10 µWThe average electrical power consumed by a quartz wristwatch during operation.
Indicator LED50 mWThe electrical power used by a small light-emitting diode that indicates device status.
LED bulb9 WThe electrical power drawn by a light-emitting diode lamp used for illumination.Laptop in use50 WThe electrical power consumed by a laptop computer while in active use.Human mechanical output100 WThe sustained rate at which a person can perform mechanical work, such as cycling or lifting.
Microwave input1.2 kWThe electrical power supplied to a microwave oven for heating food.Electric kettle3 kWThe electrical power used by an electric kettle to heat water.Car engine100 kWThe mechanical power output delivered by a car engine to propel the vehicle.
Wind turbine5 MWThe rated electrical power output of a wind-driven generator.Power station1 GWThe electrical power produced by a facility that generates electricity for distribution to users.Large grid demand40 GWThe total electrical power required by all users connected to a large electricity grid at a given moment.
Single-mode laser pointer optical output5 mWSingle-mode laser pointer optical output is the continuous visible light power emitted by a standard handheld laser pointer operating in a single spatial mode.
Motorway rapid EV charger350 kWA motorway rapid EV charger supplies high-power direct current to quickly recharge compatible electric vehicles at service stations.
Three Gorges Dam rated output22.5 GWThree Gorges Dam rated output is the maximum electrical power the dam's generators are designed to produce.Itaipu Dam rated output14 GWItaipu Dam rated output is the maximum electrical power the Itaipu hydroelectric dam is designed to generate under standard conditions.Eddington luminosity of a solar-mass object1.3 × 10¹⁹ TWThe Eddington luminosity of a solar-mass object is the theoretical maximum brightness a star with the Sun's mass can achieve before radiation pressure overcomes gravity.Crab pulsar spin-down power4.6 × 10¹⁹ TWCrab pulsar spin-down power is the rate at which the Crab pulsar loses rotational energy, emitting it as radiation and particles.Pacemaker average electrical draw10 µWPacemaker average electrical draw is the typical amount of electrical power consumed by an implanted cardiac pacemaker during operation.Hearing aid average draw1 mWHearing aid average draw is the typical electrical power consumed by a hearing aid during normal operation.Bluetooth beacon average draw100 µWBluetooth beacon average draw is the average electrical power used by a Bluetooth beacon while intermittently transmitting signals.Digital wristwatch LCD draw1 µWDigital wristwatch LCD draw is the electrical power required to operate the display of a basic digital wristwatch continuously.Smartphone active electrical draw3 WSmartphone active electrical draw is the electrical power consumed by a smartphone during active use, including display, processing and wireless communication.
Space Shuttle main engine thermal power12 GWSpace Shuttle main engine thermal power is the rate at which heat energy is produced by the engine's combustion during operation.Saturn V liftoff propulsive power190 GWSaturn V liftoff propulsive power is the rate at which the Saturn V rocket’s engines converted fuel energy into thrust during launch.
Container ship engine shaft power60 MWContainer ship engine shaft power is the mechanical power transmitted from a ship’s main engine to its propeller for movement through water.Cruise ship hotel electrical load50 MWCruise ship hotel electrical load is the electrical power required to operate accommodation and guest services on a cruise ship, excluding propulsion.
Andromeda galaxy stellar luminosity1 × 10²⁵ TWAndromeda galaxy stellar luminosity is the total power emitted as starlight by all the stars in the Andromeda galaxy.17 / 33 discoveries
Digital
ASCII character1 BAn ASCII character is a letter, digit, punctuation mark or control code encoded using the American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
Text page3 kBA digital file containing one page of plain text characters without formatting or embedded fonts.
Novel as plain text1 MBThe plain digital text of a book stored as an unformatted file, without images or layout.Compressed photo3 MBA compressed photo is a digital image file that has been processed to reduce the amount of data needed to store or transmit it.Compressed song8.4 MBA digital audio recording of a song compressed at a constant bitrate for efficient storage.RAW photo30 MBAn unprocessed digital image file captured directly from a camera sensor, preserving original detail.One hour of video3.6 GBA one-hour digital video recording with sound, encoded at a specified bitrate.128 GB phone128 GBPhone storage is the digital memory in a mobile phone used to keep apps, photos, videos and other files.512 GB drive512 GBLaptop storage is the internal memory where a laptop saves its files, applications and operating system data.1 TB drive1 TBA one-terabyte drive is a digital storage device capable of holding large amounts of computer data, such as documents, media and software.
A petabyte archive1 PBA petabyte archive is a digital storage system designed to retain very large collections of data for long-term access.An exabyte archive1 EBAn exabyte archive is a digital storage system capable of holding extremely large datasets, often used by major organisations or data centres.A zettabyte of data1 ZBA zettabyte of data is a term used to describe an immense quantity of digital information, often in the context of global data generation or storage.Common Crawl June 2025 WARC snapshot91 TBThe Common Crawl monthly web snapshot is a large, publicly available collection of web pages and related data gathered by automated crawlers each month.IPv4 address4 BAn IPv4 address is a numerical label used to identify a device on a computer network that uses Internet Protocol version 4 for communication.SHA-256 digest32 BA SHA-256 digest is a unique digital fingerprint generated from input data using the SHA-256 cryptographic hash algorithm.Single binary flag0.125 BA single binary flag is a data unit that can represent one of two possible states, such as true or false.Four-bit hexadecimal digit0.5 BA four-bit hexadecimal digit is a data unit capable of representing any value from 0 to 15, commonly used in digital systems.IPv6 address16 BAn IPv6 address is a numerical label used to identify devices on a computer network using the Internet Protocol version 6.Universally unique identifier16 BA universally unique identifier is a standardised alphanumeric code used to distinguish information or objects in computer systems.Ed25519 digital signature64 BAn Ed25519 digital signature is a cryptographic value used to verify the authenticity and integrity of digital messages or documents.Bitcoin block header80 BA Bitcoin block header is a fixed-format data structure containing summary information about a block in the Bitcoin blockchain.Ethernet MAC address6 BAn Ethernet MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on physical networks.GPS navigation message subframe37.5 BA GPS navigation message subframe is a segment of digital data transmitted by GPS satellites to provide positioning and timing information to receivers.Maximum standard Ethernet frame1.518 kBThe maximum standard Ethernet frame is the largest unit of data that can be transmitted in a single, untagged Ethernet packet, excluding certain protocol overheads.Web browser cookie capacity4.096 kBWeb browser cookie capacity is the minimum amount of data a browser must reliably store for each HTTP cookie, including its name, value and attributes.Hubble Space Telescope science image200 MBA Hubble Space Telescope science image is a processed digital file created from astronomical observations made by the Hubble telescope.OpenStreetMap planet file88 GBThe OpenStreetMap planet file is a digital file containing all global geographic data contributed to OpenStreetMap as of a specific date.James Webb Space Telescope raw exposure100 MBA James Webb Space Telescope raw exposure is the unprocessed digital data captured by one of the telescope's detectors during an observation.Autonomous vehicle sensor data per hour4 TBThe total uncompressed digital information generated by all sensors on a self-driving vehicle in one hour, including cameras, lidar and radar.Commercial aircraft flight-data recording per flight100 GBThe digital information collected from a commercial aircraft’s systems and sensors throughout a single flight for monitoring and analysis.Single-cell RNA sequencing dataset100 GBA single-cell RNA sequencing dataset is a digital collection of gene expression data measured from individual cells using sequencing technology.DNA storage theoretical capacity per gram215 PBDNA storage theoretical capacity per gram is the maximum amount of digital information that can be encoded in one gram of DNA under ideal conditions.18 / 26 discoveries
Gravity
Weight of a 180 g apple1.765 NThis is the downward force exerted by gravity on an average eating apple.Weight of a 70 kg person686.5 NThis is the downward force exerted by gravity on an average adult human.Weight of a 1,500 kg car14.71 kNThis is the downward force exerted by gravity on a typical passenger car.Weight of a 5,000 kg elephant49.03 kNThis is the downward force exerted by gravity on an adult elephant.LISA Pathfinder free-falling test mass5 × 10⁻¹⁵ NThe LISA Pathfinder free-falling test mass is a precisely controlled object in space used to demonstrate technologies for detecting gravitational waves by minimising non-gravitational forces.Ten-metre centrifuge at two rpm0.4387 NA ten-metre centrifuge at two rpm is a rotating device used to simulate artificial gravity by spinning samples at a controlled speed.Parabolic-flight microgravity arc0.02 NA parabolic-flight microgravity arc is a flight manoeuvre that creates short periods of near-weightlessness for people and experiments inside an aircraft.Gravitational attraction between two one-kilogram masses one metre apart6.7 × 10⁻¹¹ NThis is the gravitational force acting between two one-kilogram objects placed one metre apart in a vacuum.Gravitational attraction between two people one metre apart3 × 10⁻⁷ NThis is the gravitational force that two people exert on each other when separated by one metre.Sun gravitational pull on Jupiter4.2 × 10¹⁷ MNThis is the gravitational force the Sun exerts on Jupiter, keeping the planet in its orbit.Launch escape thrust of a Soyuz rocket4 MNThis is the force produced by the Soyuz rocket's launch escape system to rapidly move the crew capsule away in an emergency.Falcon 9 liftoff thrust7.6 MNFalcon 9 liftoff thrust is the total force produced by the Falcon 9 rocket's engines to lift it off the launch pad.Saturn V liftoff thrust34 MNSaturn V liftoff thrust is the combined force generated by the Saturn V rocket's first stage engines during launch.SLS Block 1 liftoff thrust39 MNSLS Block 1 liftoff thrust is the total propulsive force produced by the Space Launch System Block 1 rocket at launch.Wind turbine tower base load20 MNThe wind turbine tower base load is the downward force exerted at the base of a wind turbine tower due to the weight of the structure and the effects of wind.Binary-star planet tidal acceleration0.01 NBinary-star planet tidal acceleration is the difference in gravitational pull experienced across a planet due to the influence of two stars.Moon gravity force on a 70 kg astronaut113.4 NThis is the gravitational force exerted on a 70 kg person standing on the surface of the Moon, reflecting the Moon's weaker gravity compared to Earth's.Venus gravity force on a 70 kg astronaut620.9 NThis is the downward force experienced by a 70 kg person due to Venus’s surface gravity.Saturn cloud-top gravity force on a 70 kg person730.8 NThis is the gravitational force that Saturn would exert on a 70 kg person located at the level of its visible cloud tops.Earth gravitational pull on the Moon1.98 × 10¹⁴ MNEarth’s gravitational pull on the Moon is the force that keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth.Moon tidal force across Earth6.6 × 10¹² MNThe Moon tidal force across Earth is the difference in lunar gravitational pull between the near and far sides of the planet, which drives ocean tides.Space Shuttle liftoff thrust30.5 MNSpace Shuttle liftoff thrust is the total upward force produced by its engines and boosters to launch the shuttle from Earth.Aircraft carrier buoyant support force1,000 MNAircraft carrier buoyant support force is the upward force from water that counteracts the weight of an aircraft carrier, enabling it to float.Suspension bridge main-cable tension200 MNSuspension bridge main-cable tension is the pulling force transmitted along a main cable to support the structure and its loads.Neutron star gravity force on one kilogram1,900,000 MNNeutron-star gravity force on one kilogram is the pull that a neutron star’s surface gravity would exert on a one-kilogram test object.Earth-Moon L1 tidal acceleration over one kilometre8.03 × 10⁻⁸ NEarth-Moon L1 tidal acceleration over one kilometre is the difference in gravitational pull experienced across a one-kilometre distance near the Earth-Moon L1 point.